Stem cells are a remarkable biological wonder that have the ability to repair, replace and regenerate cells. In most animals and humans, stem cells are limited to generating only specific types of cells. For example, hair stem cells will only produce hair, and intestine stem cells will only produce
have identified the cellular mechanism and molecular trajectory for the formation of aPSCs in the acoel worm,Images showing how single cells of the embryo were specifically and systematically converted to red color for this study. Credit: Julian Kimura, also known as the three-banded panther worm, is a species that can fully regenerate using aPSCs called “neoblasts.” Chopinto pieces and each piece will grow a new body including everything from a mouth to the brain.
There are some unifying features of these stem cell populations in adult animals such as the expression of a gene called Piwi. But in no species so far has anyone been able to figure out how these stem cells are made in the first place. “They’ve mostly been studied in the context of adult animals,” said Srivastava, “and in some species, we know a little bit about how they might be working, but we don’t know how they are made.
A single cell at the 8-cell stage embryo converted to red color. Over time, the cell divides to make many more cells, which end up making most of the skin of the hatched worm. Credit: Julian Kimura At the sixteen-cell stage embryo, he found a very specific pair of cells that gave rise to cells that looked to be the neoblasts. “This really excited us,” said Kimura, “but there was still the possibility that neoblasts were arising from multiple sources in the early embryo, not just the two pairs found at the sixteen-cell stage.
Kimura generated a huge dataset of embryonic development at the single-cell level detailing which genes were being expressed in all of the cells in embryos from the beginning to the end of development. He allowed the converted 3a/3b cells to develop a little bit further, but not all the way to the hatchling stage. He then captured these cells using the sorting technology.
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