Europe is seeking to swiftly curtail its reliance on Russian natural gas, which last year accounted for about 40% of the bloc’s gas consumption, amid outrage over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and supply worries
Surging natural-gas prices have made renewable hydrogen look more competitive, compared with hydrogen that’s produced using fossil fuels. Renewable hydrogen can be produced through a process called electrolysis, which uses renewable energy to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen. The fuel has multiple potential uses including as a substitute for fossil fuels in industrial settings, such as steel making.
He says it may be hard for heat pumps to make a big difference before next winter because of the need to scale up manufacturing, challenges with finding enough workers to install the pumps and the need for electrical upgrades in some older European buildings. But heat pumps are still among the lowest-hanging fruit for quickly reducing reliance on Russian gas, Prof. Webber says.
Energy experts caution that new nuclear projects, including SMRs, won’t be operational for years, so they likely won’t make much of a difference in the near term. However, they say extending the lives of existing reactors could have a faster impact.Solar and wind power account for a growing share of Europe’s energy, but they are only productive when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing. That’s why systems for storing that energy—and drawing on it when needed—are also important.
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