How could it have formed?
“As far as we know, it is the first of its kind ever detected”, astronomer and postdoc Alejandro Vigna-Gomezby the Niels Bohr Institute. “We know of many tertiary star systems , but they are typically significantly less massive. The massive stars in this triple are very close together – it is a compact system."
The discovery was actually made by citizen scientists who were going through a public data set from NASA's TESS observatory . They then alerted the professionals to what they believed was something out of the ordinary, and indeed it was. The tertiary star is approximately 16 times the mass of our Sun and boasts an inner orbit in a circular shape. This orbit performs close to six revolutions of the tertiary star around the binary per year. The scientists then had the difficult task of trying to conceiveIf, for instance, the bigger star formed first, it would likely have ejected material that would have disrupted the formation of a binary that close.
Another possibility is that the binary and the third star formed separately from each other and eventually encountered and locked in their orbits because of gravity.Alejandro Vigna-Gomez from Mexico and Bin Liu from China in front of the blackboard in the old auditorium A at Blegdamsvej.Vigna-Gomez joined forces with Bin Liu, an expert on dynamics, to code the options and ran more than 100.000 iterations in order to assess the most likely outcome.
“Now we have a model of the most likely scenario on this unique system. But a model is not enough," Vigna-Gomez said."And there are two ways in which we can prove or disentangle our theory on this formation. One is studying the system in detail, and the other is to make statistical analysis on a population of stars."
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