Astronomers Chart the Influence of Dark Matter and Dark Energy on the Universe by Measuring Over 1,500 Supernovae - by BrianKoberlein
In 2011, the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Perlmutter, Schmidt, and Reiss for their discovery that the universe is not just expanding, it is accelerating. The work supported the idea of a universe filled with dark energy and dark matter, and it was based on observations of distant supernovae. Particularly, Type Ia supernovae, which have consistent light curves we can use asto measure cosmic distances.
The study is based on datasets known as Pantheon+ and SH0ES. It contains 1,701 light curve measurements of 1,550 Type Ia supernovae spanning two decades of observations and a cosmic period of 10 billion years. It is the most comprehensive survey of dark energy supernova measurements ever made. The data set covers the transition from the early universe, which was dominated by dark matter, to the modern universe dominated by dark energy. Thus, it confirms the effects of both of these.
But here’s where things get strange. Over the years we have measured the effects of dark energy and dark matter in numerous ways. In addition to supernova observations, we also see the effects of fluctuations in the cosmic background, the clustering of galaxies over time, gravitational waves, and even microwave laser light. They all tell a similar story of a universe dominated by dark matter and dark energy. But they don’t tell exactly the same story.
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