Breast-feeding may compensate for the reduced transmission of maternal microbes during Caesarean section compared with natural birth, according to a new observational study.
Breast-feeding may compensate for the reduced transmission of maternal microbes during Caesarean section compared with natural birth, according to a new observational study led by the University of Edinburgh that looked at how infants' microbiome develops during the first month of life.
The team recruited 120 mother-infant pairs and collected skin, nose, saliva, and gut microbiome samples from the infants 2 hours after they were born and when they were 1 day old, 1 week old, 2 weeks old, and 1 month old. They also collected samples from the nasopharynx, saliva, skin, breastmilk, faeces, and vagina of the neonates' mothers, giving a total of 2453 samples for analysis.
Regardless of birth route, the researchers reported that approximately 58.5% of a baby's microbiome was derived from its mother.However, different maternal microbial communities contributed to different infant microbiomes. Caesarean-born babies received fewer microbes from their mother's vaginal and faecal microbiomes, but acquired more microbes from breastmilk - "seemingly in compensation", the authors said.
The team believe that this would make sense from an evolutionary perspective that has yielded multiple pathways to ensure that a child can begin life with the appropriate microbial 'starter kit'.
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