New research explains why children seem to have a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19.
Children appear to be better able than adults to control SARS-CoV-2 infection, but, until now, the exact molecular mechanisms for this have been unclear.
“We wanted to understand why viral defense appears to work so much better in children than in adults,” Irina Lehmann, PhD, head of the molecular epidemiology unit at the Berlin Institute of Health Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, explains inSingle-cell sequencing showed that children had higher baseline levels of certain RNA-sensing receptors that are relevant to SARS-CoV-2 detection, such as MDA5 and RIG-I, in the epithelial and immune cells of their noses.
cytotoxic T cells, involved in fighting infection, and memory CD8+ T cells, associated with the development of long-lastingThe study provides “clear evidence” that upper airway immune cells of children are “primed for virus sensing, resulting in a stronger early innate antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection than in adults,” the investigators say.
Ultimately, this may lead to lower viral replication and faster clearance in children. In fact, several studies have already shown that children do eliminate the virus quicker than adults, consistent with the concept that they shut down viral replication earlier, the study team says.
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