COVID-19 vaccines are very effective, but for some groups they don't generate as strong an immune response.
, we assembled a team of researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Edinburgh to investigate the effect of obesity on vaccine effectiveness over time.called EAVE II, the University of Edinburgh team, led by Aziz Sheikh, examined real-time healthcare data for 5.4 million people across Scotland. In particular, they looked at hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 among 3.5 million adults who had received two vaccine doses .
We studied 28 people with severe obesity attending Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, and measured antibody levels and function as well as the number of immune cells in their blood post-vaccination. We compared the results to those from 41 people of a normal weight. In 55 percent of people with severe obesity we either couldn't detect or quantify neutralization capacity, compared to 12 percent of people with normal BMI.
After a booster, antibody function in people with obesity was restored to the same level as those of normal weight. However, using detailed measurements of B cells, which are responsible for antibody production and immune memory, we found that these immune cells developed differently in the first couple of weeks after vaccination in people with obesity.
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