Dermatologic Hints to Hidden Heart Disease

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Dermatologic Hints to Hidden Heart Disease
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Cardiac diseases often have cutaneous manifestations. Are you able to correctly diagnose these conditions based on their dermatologic presentations? CardioTwitter DermTwitter

Contributor InformationA skin biopsy of plaque sarcoidosis or lupus pernio would likely reveal noncaseating granuloma

, although a biopsy of erythema nodosum would not. Chest radiography is warranted because the most common organs of involvement in sarcoidosis are the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes; such imaging usually reveals bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement with normal lungs. A 24-hour Holter monitor is indicated because sudden death, caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias, can result from cardiac sarcoidosis, as can complete heart block, with electrocardiographic abnormalities appearing in 50% of cases; skin manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis may be associated with heart block or infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Patients with sarcoidosis may exhibit renal involvement, which is associated with abnormal calcium metabolism.

Prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin is the current standard of care. Coronary aneurysms occur in 25% of patients not treated with IVIG, compared with approximately 1-5% of patients who receive it.Aspirin has a synergistic effect with IVIG, so it is initiated at a high dose. Aspirin may be continued at a lower dose for its antiplatelet effects to further reduce the risk of thrombus formation.

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