The researchers concluded that ancestors of amniotes practiced extended embryo retention.
“When the amniotes came on the scene 320 million years ago, they were able to break away from the water by evolving waterproof skin and other ways to control water loss. But the amniotic egg was the key. It was said to be a ‘private pond’ in which the developing reptile was protected from drying out in the warm climates and enabled the Amniota to move away from the waterside and dominate terrestrial ecosystems,” said Professor Michael Benton from the Bristol’s School of Earth Sciences.
The team studied 51 fossil species and 29 living species, which could be categorized into oviparous or viviparous . The researchers conducted an observational study of the amniotes and concluded that their ancestors were viviparous and practiced extended embryo retention . EER is when the mother retains the young for a varying amount of time for protection, likely depending on when conditions are best for survival, as per theProject Leader Professor Baoyu Jiang added, “This standard view has been challenged. Biologists had noticed many lizards and snakes display flexible reproductive strategy across oviparity and viviparity.
EER is common and variable in lizards and snakes today, explained Dr. Joseph Keating, one of the study's authors. The young lizards and snakes can be released inside an egg or as little wrigglers at different developmental stages. The ecological advantages of EER include the mother having the option to remove the young when temperatures are warm, and the food supply is rich.
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