Menopause before age 40 years is associated with elevated risk of HF and AFib, according to a study. MedTwitter
's protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The cessation of menstruation and subsequent decline of estrogen levels may make women more vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.affects 1% of women younger than 40 years, the ESC press release stated. Prior studies have found a link between premature and early menopause and cardiovascular disease overall, but the evidence for heart failure or atrial fibrillation alone is limited.
The study included 1,401,175 postmenopausal women aged 30 years and older who completed the NHIS health checkup in 2009. Participants were monitored until the end of 2018 for new-onset heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Information was collected on demographics, health behaviors, and reproductive factors, including age at menopause and use of. Age at menopause was split into four categories: younger than 40 years, 40 to 44 years, 45 to 49 years, and 50 years or older.
Some 28,111 participants had a history of premature menopause. For these women, the average age at menopause was 36.7 years. The average age at study enrollment for women with and for those without a history of premature menopause was 60 and 61.5 years, respectively. During an average follow-up of 9.1 years, 42,699 developed heart failure, and 44,834 developed atrial fibrillation.
The researchers analyzed the association between history of premature menopause and incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation after adjusting for age, smoking,
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