While the mantle is mostly solid, a layer about 93 miles (150 kilometers) down is melty, new research finds.
Most of Earth's mantle is hot but solid, with rocks that deform slowly rather than cracking like the cooler rocks of the crust do. But new research finds that around 93 miles below Earth's surface, there is a worldwide layer of melted rock.
The melted rock is in the asthenosphere, the upper layer of the mantle that sits between about 50 miles and 124 miles below Earth's surface. The only way to peer into this layer of the mantle is with seismic waves from earthquakes. Researchers can detect the waves at seismic stations set up around the world, looking for subtle changes in the waveforms that indicate what kinds of materials the waves traveled through.
Oddly, though, this melted layer doesn't seem to affect the movements of the tectonic plates. The researchers found that the areas of melt did not affect the mantle's viscosity, or tendency to flow.
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