By adding synergistic self-adjuvanting properties to Covid-19 RNA vaccines, researchers showed they could significantly boost the immune response generated in mice.
RNA vaccines against Covid-19 have proven effective at reducing the severity of disease. However, a team of researchers at MIT is working on making them even better. By tweaking the design of the vaccines, the researchers showed that they could generate Covid-19 RNA vaccines that produce a stronger immune response, at a lower dose, in mice.
"With intranasal vaccination, you might be able to kill Covid at the mucus membrane, before it gets into your body," says Daniel Anderson, a professor in MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , and the senior author of the study."Intranasal vaccines may also be easier to administer to many people, since they don't require an injection.
The original Covid-19 RNA vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech provoked strong immune responses, but the MIT team wanted to see if they could make them more effective by engineering them to have immune stimulatory properties. To that end, the researchers engineered the mRNA to encode the C3d protein fused to the antigen, so that both components are produced as one protein by cells that receive the vaccine.
"For the first time, we've demonstrated a synergistic boost in immune responses by engineering both the RNA and its delivery vehicles," Li says."This prompted us to investigate the feasibility of administering this new RNA vaccine platform intranasally, considering the challenges presented by the mucociliary blanket barrier in the upper airways."
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