Conventional crop breeding is not time-efficient for creating inbred lines with desired genetic traits owing to the diploid nature of plants, wherein they have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. In contrast, double haploid technology utilizes gene-edited haploid inducer plants to create double haploid crops that have two sets of chromosomes from a single parent. This revolutionary agricultural method can create inbred crop lines in a single generation thereby accelerating the breeding process.
Recent studies have unveiled the potential of specific genes in triggering haploid induction, a key step in double haploid technology. In particular, the gene ZmMATL was identified as a pollen-specific phospholipase in maize that plays a role in haploid induction within the plant's reproductive processes.
Building on this discovery, researchers demonstrated the conservation of pollen-specific phospholipase A-mediated in vivo haploid induction across various monocot species including indica rice by mutating the OsMATL gene. However, the haploid induction rate was found to be only 6% at best, which is far below the industry standard, suggesting a need to increase this rate.
In a recent collaborative study, researchers from Korea led by Dr. Yu-Jin Kim from Pusan National University identified OsMATL2, a potential haploid-inducing gene in Japonica rice .
To evaluate the role of OsMATL2—the gene encoding OsMATL2 protein—in haploid induction, the team used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate knockout mutants with suppressed OsMATL2 protein expression. While diploid sgOsMATL2 plants showed no vegetative defects compared to normal rice, their haploid counterparts were notably smaller in size. Additionally, all sgOsMATL2 plants showed reduced seed setting. Most importantly, haploid sgOsMATL2 plants showed male sterility due to severe defects in pollen development.
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