The Tonga volcano explosion sent air pressure gauges rising more than 10,000 miles away in Switzerland—and that could explain the unusual water waves that reached the U.S. and Japan
Instead, they theorized that powerful air-pressure waves from the explosion on the island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai set off water waves in the Pacific Ocean. The pressure waves may have exceeded the speed of sound, in which case they would be called shock waves, said Fukashi Maeno, an associate professor of volcanology at the University of Tokyo’s Earthquake Research Institute.
He said a resonance effect may have magnified the size of the waves, but few studies have been done on how the atmospheric forces of a volcanic explosion would translate into wave size. Fumihiko Imamura, a tsunami specialist at Tohoku University, said the time between wave crests was just a few minutes in the case of the tsunami that arrived in Japan from Tonga, whereas the period between crests is usually 20 to 60 minutes for the more-common type of tsunami caused by undersea earthquakes.
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