Gender gap found in research grant award amounts, re-applications
]. It is also unique in its consideration of several variables reflecting different aspects of participation and review. It also had several limitations. First, the data used in the study did not include all nations, mechanisms, and the entire 2005–2020 period. The sources were limited to those identified by searching the published literature and those cited by or citing the published literature, which included some reports from nations’ funders.
Some authors and funding agencies were responsive to our requests for additional data, but some did not respond or indicated they would not or could not provide data. For example, one national funding agency compiled data in response to our request, but its release to us was embargoed by its authorities. Such missing data could have contributed to the evidence of reporting bias found for most of the variables we examined.
Second, our goal was to use non-overlapping datasets. Most of the otherwise eligible studies identified by our searches were excluded because their data were superseded by another source. However, some overlap was still possible. For example, applications by Harvard school of medicine faculty to diverse funders probably included the NIH [Third, we combined years of data because some sources could not be disaggregated by year or funding mechanism.
Fourth, for some studies’ award amounts, we estimated the mean and standard deviation from median and IQR. Those studies’ data may not have been normally distributed, so the estimation of the mean and standard deviation may not be valid. Fifth, as most studies reported data on their population of interest, we did not conduct quality assessments on the small numbers of studies that surveyed samples.
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