The gut-brain axis refers to the connection between the gut and the brain.
Whether it’s a nervous sensation in the stomach before an important presentation or"butterflies" at the sight of a loved one, many people are aware of the connection between the gut and the brain. But the gut-brain axis is a real phenomenon, describing a two-way communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system .
This gut-brain communication happens through a sophisticated network with multiple pathways. Here are some of them. An imbalance in gut bacteria — known as dysbiosis — causes the barrier between the gut and the bloodstream to become permeable. This can allow"bad" bacteria to enter the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation. A 2020 review, published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology , suggests that dysbiosis also alters the blood-brain barrier, contributing to inflammation of the brain matter.
They can also be produced in the gut, affecting aspects of digestive, according to a 2016 review published in the Journal of Cellular Physiology . It found that neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are able to regulate and control blood flow and affect bowel movements, nutrient absorption and the composition of the microbiome.
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