After 2 weeks of intense negotiations, countries agreed this week on a historic treaty to protect biodiversity in international waters.
The agreement, announced on 4 March at the United Nations, sets up a legal process for establishing marine protected areas , a key tool for protecting at least 30% of the ocean, which an intergovernmental convention recently set as a target for 2030. The treaty also gives poorer countries a stake in conservation by strengthening their research capacity and creating a framework for sharing financial rewards from the DNA of marine organisms.
The high seas encompass the 60% of the oceans outside national waters. For decades, environmental groups have argued for protecting these waters from fishing, shipping, and other activities. But the existing legal framework, based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , doesn’t set out ways to preserve biodiversity in the high seas.
The treaty sets up a new forum for international deliberations, called a conference of the parties , that will work with existing ocean authorities representing commercial interests, including fishing and seafloor mining. That collaboration could limit the chance of declaring an MPA in a heavily fished area, for example, but could also encourage efforts to limit harm to marine life from commercial activities.
How to share the wealth from new drugs or industrial chemicals developed from the DNA of marine organisms has also been a point of contention. Followingin December 2022 for national genetic resources under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the treaty calls for creating a central database in which companies or universities must record patents, papers, or products based on high seas samples or data.
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