Early success with a procedure called a mitochondrial transplant offers a glimmer of hope for people fighting for survival after cardiac arrest, stroke, and more
There’s still a lot left to learn, and at this stage there is little government funding for this type of research. The Boston team, for instance, relies heavily on philanthropic donations., an associate professor of neurological surgery at the University of Washington, is working to transplant mitochondria into the brains of stroke patients, and he says his team has “no external funding whatsoever. This is all blood, sweat, and tears.
Scientists have long known that defective mitochondria can cause biological chaos. “Mitochondrial dysfunction is a universal driver of disease,” says, a mitochondria researcher at the University of Alabama Birmingham who founded the Mitochondria Research and Medicine Society in the U.S. and India. Whether tissue damage is caused by disease or even space travel, faulty mitochondria are frequently involved.
Singh’s takeaway: If these powerhouses could be transferred from one cell to another and retain their function, maybe they could be used to heal tissues with dysfunctional mitochondria. “We developed cardio-protective agents, but what we found all the time was that the mitochondria were damaged no matter what we did,” he says. Damaged mitochondria, starving the cell of energy and nutrients or sending signals that trigger apoptosis—programmed cell death. In his research, McCully had seen that the cardiac mitochondria had shrunk and gone from black to translucent. In turn, the heart couldn’t beat effectively.
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