From deep-sea mining to industrial-scale fishing, human activities in the oceans are expanding massively in a realm where few rules apply. Only now are we grappling with how to regulate the rush to plunder the seas
IN THE 1970s, the tiny Pacific island state of Nauru was briefly one of the richest countries in the world. Its per-capita income was on a par with Saudi Arabia, only this wealth was built not on oil, but on faeces. For millennia, passing seabirds deposited their droppings on the island, creating a thick crust of phosphate-rich guano, ripe to be made into fertiliser.
It didn’t last: the guano was all scraped away around 20 years ago. Now Nauru, no longer filthy rich, is the prime mover in another, controversial push to exploit resources. As of last year, the country is fronting an effort to kick-startIt is a microcosm of a much wider story. As pressures on Earth’s land grow and terrestrial resources look increasingly exhausted, governments and corporations are seeing the next big wins on, in and under the high seas.
This “blue acceleration” has many people worried. Our record on sustainable development on land is hardly good. With the power to profit from remote ocean resources growing rapidly, and the laws that govern their exploitation less than clear, we risk a free-for-all in the deep.
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