“ADHD is not a breakdown of the brain in one spot. It’s a breakdown in the connectivity, the communication networks, and an immaturity in these networks.
, professor of psychiatry at Oregon Health & Science University, and other researchers studying the neuroscience of ADHD believe the condition is far more nuanced.
“As a child matures, the white matter – or the myelin sheath – around the axons continues to develop and mature until the 20s. For people with ADHD, the brain could continue to mature until the 30s. This growth in myelin is like replacing a dial-up telephone Internet connection with a fiber optic cable. It makes neural transmissions faster and more efficient,” Nigg says. “Recent research has shown that there are changes to axon growth in the ADHD brain as well.
The explanation: The “automatic attention capture system” in the brain is activated by the stimulation of the video game or the enticing distractions nearby. It sends a bottom-up signal to the parietal lobe, which should reply with a top-down signal reminding the brain of its long-term goals and obligations. In ADHD brains, the axonal fibers in this top-down reply are underdeveloped, so the message to ignore the environment and refocus on the goals is lost. There is not enough top-down control.
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