Lean muscle mass may offer protection against the development of Alzheimer's disease, new research suggests.
Several measures of body composition have been investigated for their potential association with AD. Lean mass — a"proxy for muscle mass, defined as the difference between total mass and fat mass" — has been shown to be reduced in patients with AD compared with controls, the researchers note.
In particular, the Mendelian randomization paradigm randomly allocates germline genetic variants and uses them as proxies for a specific risk factor. Appendicular lean mass"more accurately reflects the effects of lean mass than whole body lean mass, which includes smooth and cardiac muscle," the authors explain.
In addition to the UK Biobank participants, the researchers also drew on an independent sample of 21,982 people with AD; a control group of 41,944 people without AD; a replication sample of 7329 people with and 252,879 people without AD to validate the findings; and 269,867 people taking part in a genome-wide study of cognitive performance.
"Adjusting for potential mediation through performance did not reduce the association between appendicular lean mass and risk of AD," the authors write. Moreover, the approach didn't examine whether a"critical window of risk factor timing" exists, during which lean mass might play a role in influencing AD risk and after which"interventions would no longer be effective.
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