These next-generation machines can be deployed in deep water, where they can harvest stronger, more consistent wind.
BERGEN, Norway — The Norwegian prime minister and the country’s crown prince were sweating like everyone else, zipped into their North Sea survival suits as they boarded the helicopters to take us out to see the future.
About 90 miles off the coast, in one of the windiest places on Earth, the helicopters took a slow loop past Norway’s newest wind farm, dubbed Hywind Tampen, built by state-owned energy giant Equinor. He compared his company’s “spar buoy” design to a stoppered bottle of water, semi-submerged in the sea. In this case, the “bottle” is a gigantic hollow concrete tube, sealed at both ends and weighted with gravel and water to lower the center of gravity and serve as a counterbalance to keep the rig upright.As we passed, the sweeping blades — each 265 feet long — appeared to be rotating slowly, purposefully, in the light air. But looks can be deceiving: The blades travel at 180 mph.
When the world’s first offshore wind farm, Vindeby in Denmark, was built in 1991, few believed it was practical — or even possible — to operate wind turbines offshore. The conditions were too harsh. Kjetil Hove, Equinor’s head of exploration and production in Norway, imagines thousands of floating turbines built around the globe in the coming years.
Sophisticated software helps “pilot” the machines. It can adjust the pitch of the blades and how they face the wind, to keep the turbines upright and balanced — and fight the forces of sea and storm, the yaw, pitch, roll, sway, surge and heave.
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