It’s been over 20 years since neuroimaging studies – using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a widely-used technology to capture live videos of brain activity – have been detecting brain-wide complex patterns of correlated brain activity that appear disrupted in a wide range of neurologi
cal and psychiatric disorders. These patterns form spontaneously, even at rest when no particular task is being performed, and have been detected not only in humans but also across mammals, including monkeys and rodents.
The video shows that brain activity captured with fMRI can be reconstructed as the superposition of a small number of macroscopic stationary waves, or resonant modes, oscillating in time. Credit: Joana Cabral The new study thus strongly points to a key role for these resonant waves, or modes, in brain function. These resonant phenomena, the authors believe, are at the root of the coherent, coordinated brain activity that is needed for normal brain function as a whole.The researchers detected the resonant modes in rats in the resting state, which means the animals were not subjected to any specific external stimulus.
The researchers experimented with rats in three different conditions: sedated, lightly anesthetized, and deeply anesthetized. “The spatial configuration of these stationary waves was very consistent across rats scanned in the same condition,” Cabral points out. “Our study also provides a new ‘lead’ in looking at disease,” corroborates Shemesh. “We know that long-range brain activity is strongly impacted in disease, but we do not understand why or how. Understanding the mechanism of long-range interactions could lead to a completely new way of characterizing disease and hinting on the type of treatment that may be necessary: for example, if a specific resonant mode was missing from a patient, we might want to find ways to stimulate that particular mode.
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