The ancestral tongues of Japanese, Korean and mainland Asian languages may have followed the dissemination of agriculture.
Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science newsWhile the modern languages found in Mongolia, Korea and Japan may not have much in common today, evidence drawn from linguistics, archaeology and genetics have combined to reveal a 10,000-year journey through eastern Asia. Some researchers now say the spread of these languages tracks closely to the development and proliferation of crops like millet and rice.
For the linguistics team, a difficult task lay ahead. The oldest written sources of the Japanese and Turkic groups, for example, only date back to roughly the eighth century A.D., while Korean doesn’t appear in written sources until the 15th century when their alphabet was invented. To examine the roots of these languages, the researchers had to work backwards through time, identifying the residues of words and sounds that remain similar between language groups today.
Rice entered the Liaodong area near the present-day border of China and North Korea about 3,500 years ago, likely coming from farther south in the Yangtze River region. It then spread through Korea and eventually Japan, where it arrived about 2,900 years ago alongside millet, Robbeets’ study found. The results shared a common Amur genetic component. The name “Amur” corresponds to a region in southeastern Russia, and Robbeets says that many populations in that region reflect relatively pure Amur ancestry even today. “It looks as if we found the genetic mirror of millet adoptions and of linguistic adoption,” Robbeets says.
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