Researchers create a simple, quick, and energy-efficient approach for synthesizing quality carbon nano-onions from fish scales. Carbon-based nanomaterials are increasingly being used in electronics, energy conversion and storage, catalysis, and biomedicine due to their low toxicity, chemical stabil
A synthesis procedure developed by NITech scientists can convert fish scales obtained from fish waste into a useful carbon-based nanomaterial. Their approach uses microwaves to break the scales down thermally via pyrolysis in less than 10 seconds, yielding carbon nano-onions with unprecedented quality compared with those obtained from conventional methods. Credit: Takashi Shirai from NITech, Japan
Unfortunately, there are also significant disadvantages to using conventional methods to produce CNOs. Some call for harsh synthesis conditions, including high temperatures or vacuum, while others demand a great deal of time and energy. While certain methods may get beyond these limitations, they still need complicated catalysts, expensive carbon sources, or potentially hazardous acidic or basic conditions. This severely restricts CNOs’ potential.
Scheme depicting the synthesis of carbon nano-onions via the microwave pyrolysis of fish scales. The top inset shows the rise in temperature of the fish scales due to microwave absorption over a period of 10 seconds, as well as a proposed formation mechanism for the carbon nano-onions. transmission electron microscopy images showing the morphology of the synthesized carbon nano-onions and photographs of CNO dispersion in ethanol, an emissive flexible film, and an LED containing CNO.
This “automatic” functionalization has important implications for the applications of CNOs. When the CNO surface is not functionalized, the nanostructures tend to stick together owing to an attractive interaction known as pi−pi stacking. This makes it difficult to disperse them in solvents, which is necessary for any application requiring solution-based processes.
“The stable optical properties could enable us to fabricate large-area emissive flexible films and LED devices,” speculates Dr. Shirai. “These findings will open up new avenues for the development of next-generation displays and solid-state lighting.”
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