Physicists from the University of Konstanz have generated one of the shortest signals ever produced by humans. Molecular or solid-state processes in nature can sometimes take place in time frames as brief as femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) or attoseconds (quintillionths of a second). Nucl
Scientists from the University of Konstanz developed a method using femtosecond light flashes to generate electron pulses with a duration of around five attoseconds. This breakthrough, offering a higher time resolution than light waves, paves the way for observing ultrafast phenomena, such as nuclear reactions.Physicists from the University of Konstanz have generated one of the shortest signals ever produced by humans.
Not even light waves can achieve such a time resolution because a single oscillation takes much too long for that. Electrons provide a remedy here, as they enable significantly higher time resolution. In their experimental set-up, the Konstanz researchers use pairs of femtosecond light flashes from a laser to generate their extremely short electron pulses in a free-space beam.
For a short time, the temporal duration of the electron pulses is only about five attoseconds. In order to understand that process, the researchers measure the electrons’ velocity distribution that remains after compression. “Instead of a very uniform velocity of the output pulses, you see a very broad distribution that results from the strong deceleration or acceleration of some electrons in the course of compression”, explains physicist Johannes Thurner.
For Peter Baum, physics professor and head of the Light and Matter Group at the University of Konstanz, these results are still clearly basic research, but he emphasizes the great potential for future research: “If a material is hit by two of our short pulses at a variable time interval, the first pulse can trigger a change and the second pulse can be used for observation – similar to the flash of a camera.
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