New research with mice—and a small human trial—raises the prospect of treatments that could improve learning difficulties in people with Down syndrome.
Though still preliminary, the work may represent a step toward a goal that has eluded scientists for decades.
In the new study, researchers looked at a protein called gonadotropin-releasing hormone . Long known to be a master regulator of reproduction and widely used in fertility treatments, the hormone has been found more recently to play an important role in brain development. If neurons that secrete GnRH don’t develop properly, they can cause infertility and interfere with sense of smell, both of which can affect people with Down syndrome.
After 6 months, the men showed a 10% to 30% improvement on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, a standard measure of intellectual disability. The test challenges spatial and verbal memory with tasks such as drawing a 3D cube or remembering a short string of words.
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