A newly discovered interaction related to quantum entanglement between dissimilar particles opens a new window into the nuclei of atoms
For the first time, scientists have observed quantum interference—a wavelike interaction between particles related to the weird quantum phenomenon of entanglement—occurring between two different kinds of particles. The discovery could help physicists understand what goes on inside an atomic nucleus.
These patterns don’t typically happen with a pair of dissimilar particles, though, even when they’re entangled. Because it’s possible to tell these particles apart, there’s no mystery about their histories and thus no interference between these different worlds of possibilities—that is, until now. RHIC is designed to collide heavy ions, such as the nuclei of gold atoms. In this case, though, researchers were interested in near misses, not collisions. As the gold nuclei zing at near light speed through the collider, they create an electromagnetic field that generates photons. When two gold nuclei come close to one another but don’t collide, the photons may ping off the neighboring nuclei.
In particular, the photons can act like tiny lasers, scanning the nuclei of the gold ions they collide with. These interactions allow researchers to probe subatomic particles such as quarks, which make up the protons and neutrons in an atom, and gluons, which hold the quarks together. Physicists still don’t fully understand how protons get properties such as mass and spin, the quantum version of angular momentum, from this stew of entangled particles.
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