'Deaths of despair' fuel drop in U.S. life expectancy
in these Americans began to rise in the early 1990s, increasing 38.3% between 1999 and 2017.
since the 1990s. Their rate of death from liver disorders, long a rarity among females, climbed too. And liver failure has been killing even young adults, a group among whom such conditions had been virtually unknown. It may seem like a modest number, said Dr. Woolf. But those “excess deaths” are the equivalent of almost three full Boeing 737s crashing every month for seven years. And they have made the United States the only high-income country in which life expectancy is moving in the wrong direction.
The timing of those excess deaths may offer clues, said Woolf. During the 1980s and 90s and accelerating into the 2000s, middle-class incomes stagnated. Rates of child poverty grew and the rolls of the uninsured swelled. The distribution of wealth in the United States began to concentrate densely at the top of the economic ladder.Those excess deaths were also geographically concentrated in ways that might offer insights, Woolf added.
Those four states account for fewer than 11% of the U.S. population. But between 2010 and 2017, they were home to nearly one-third of the excess deaths calculated by Woolf and Schoomaker. The nexus between economic and social hardship and premature death may be despair’s fellow traveler, chronic stress, said Woolf.
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