To realize a vision of bustling city streets shared safely and equitably among cars, bikes, buses, and pedestrians, one Pittsburgh company is focused on reinventing the humble traffic light.
after two members of the British Parliament were injured and a policeman killed at a particularly chaotic intersection near Westminster Bridge. Its design was simple: At night, a gas lamp signaled red for stop and green for go; in daylight, paddles supplemented the dim glow. As automobiles began to take over downtowns at the beginning of the 20th century, cities scrambled to find ways to keep their streets safe.
Avoiding the high cost of advanced in-ground sensor systems like those in the EU, Traffic21 quickly focused on seeing what it could do with only the lowly traffic signal. The challenge fell to Smith. Over his nearly 30 years at CMU, his research had centered on using artificial intelligence to solve scheduling problems, like managing supply chains or automating emergency responses to natural disasters. He saw potential for applying those skills to traffic.
Because each node handles its own scheduling, the approach is adaptable in unpredictable urban environments. “We wanted to design a system that isn’t thinking about optimizing in one direction that we’ve picked ahead of time,” says Greg Barlow, who was a postdoc in Smith’s lab and is now CTO of Rapid Flow, the company he and Smith founded to market Surtrac.
Clusters of boxes represent one of the ways Smith streamlined the data processing demands at each intersection. As vehicles approach, the system attempts to group them into groups that he calls “platoons.” This enables Surtrac to read traffic not as an endless series of individual autos but as a variety of units of different sizes. The AI weighs that information against empty road space and directs the light to move each platoon through, like a postal worker shipping out mail by ZIP code.
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