Texans have a unique sense of pride in the history of their state, which was a nation itself for nearly 10 years after it won independence from Mexico
. The pride is no accident: In schools and elsewhere, generations of young Texans have been taught that their state is special in its history and independence.
In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain. It initially encouraged immigration to Texas, but the Mexican government soon started to worry about the influx of settlers from the United States, which had begun to expand west of the Mississippi River when Louisiana, a state that allowed slavery, was admitted into the Union in 1812. In 1829, the Mexican government banned slavery to discourage further immigration among Anglos, many of them slave owners. But the ban was not well enforced.
But a new Mexican president erased these reforms. In April 1834, President Antonio López de Santa Anna suspended the Mexican Constitution and assumed dictatorial powers. That is when the tides truly began to turn between the settlers, who were outraged by the suspension of the constitution, and the Mexican government, which became determined to get the rebellion under control.
In late February 1836, Santa Anna led thousands of troops across the Rio Grande into what is now known as San Antonio, to attack Texas troops occupying the Alamo, a former Spanish mission that had become a military compound. For 13 days, the Mexican army laid siege to the Alamo. As the siege raged, on March 2, Texas revolutionary leaders met more than 160 miles away at Washington-on-the-Brazos, where they officially declared independence from Mexico.
The Texans not only were victorious, they captured Santa Anna the day after the battle. Texas achieved de facto independence with the surrender of Santa Anna, who ordered his battered troops to retreat and agreed to support recognition of Texas independence.
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