The 2021 volcanic blast in the Canary Islands entombed more than 2,800 buildings in lava and ash. Now scientists are searching for clues to understand what made La Palma’s first eruption in 50 years so powerful.
That’s because itthe sound of shattering glass. Those flows were filled with natural glass, the sort that forms as lava speedily cools when exposed to air. “As the lava advances, it breaks itself and those cracks and snaps produce loud audible sounds,” says González.
No matter how it was obtained, this molten matter was subsequently dumped into a water-filled steel bucket, quenching it quickly to try and preserve its subterranean chemistry. Throughout those eruptive months, the ground frequently jolted and shifted beneath everyone’s feet. “Every time there were earthquakes, there was magma rising,” says Gazel.Eruptions change in real time. “In any eruption, it’s important to have continuous sampling of the material—both lava flows and pyroclastic material,” saysBy doing so, scientists can track even the most mercurial eruption, allowing them to update the emergency services on the fly.
The crystals don’t just identify some of the key ingredients that went into cooking up that batch of eruptible magma. They also act as, telling scientists what pressures they were once subjected to—and pressure is connected to depth. That means these inclusions can pinpoint the locations of a volcano’s magmatic kitchens, allowing scientists to connect the eruptive chaos at the surface with its origins far below.
Volcanoes can now be monitored in real time myriad ways. Listening to the sounds of volcanic tremors, for example, can reveal movements below. Certain sorts ofare made by the rock-breaking migration of magma, and a seismic cacophony may suggest that the volcano is attempting to erupt.
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