Short-faced kangaroos are an entirely extinct group of marsupial herbivores that arose during the Miocene Epoch—around 23 to 5.3 million years ago—and diversified prolifically during Australia's Ice Age.
According to the scientist, the skulls of these so-called"sthenurine" kangaroos were highly specialized, providing the animals with a powerful bite which enabled them to eat tough foods.
Sthenurine kangaroos featured heavily-built skulls, short snouts and large jaws and teeth, which scientists had previously suggested was an indication that they ate tough foods such as mature leaves, stems and branches. "A study I published back in January examined this species using shape analysis and biomechanical simulations," Mitchell said."The results showed that the skull of the extinct kangaroo was, out of a range of modern-day marsupial herbivores tested, shaped most similar to a koala."
"Interestingly, the short-faced kangaroo models were found to have a much higher risk of injury than the koala models during biting at the back teeth," Mitchell said."This is because its teeth were much larger and extended farther back towards the jaw joints. This greatly increased how hard the animal could bite, but also increased the risk of jaw dislocation when biting."
"This study revealed that the short-faced kangaroo model could withstand torsion much more effectively than the koala during such bites," Mitchell said."Its deep skull and broad forehead could spread stress more evenly, preventing excessive twisting and protecting it from damage."
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