A supercomputer simulation shows how ultramassive black holes could grow through mergers in the Cosmic Noon.
at the University of Texas, Austin. Astrid’s large-scale simulations can track things like dark matter, temperature, metallicity, and neutral hydrogen. Simulations like Astrid are ranked by the number of particles their simulations contain, and Astrid is at the top of that list.
Astronomers know that galaxies grow large through mergers, and it’s likely that SMBHs grow more massive at the same time. But UMBHs are even more massive and much rarer. How do they form?“What we found are three ultra-massive black holes that assembled their mass during the cosmic noon, the time 11 billion years ago when star formation, active galactic nuclei , and supermassive black holes, in general, reach their peak activity,” Ni said.
“In this epoch, we spotted an extreme and relatively fast merger of three massive galaxies,” Ni said. “Each of the galaxy masses is 10 times the mass of our own Milky Way, and a supermassive black hole sits in the center of each galaxy. Our findings show the possibility that these quasar triplet systems are the progenitor of those rare ultra-massive blackholes after those triplets gravitationally interact and merge with each other.
This figure from the research shows how the number of quasars is dwindling over time. By the end of cosmic noon, there are almost no triple quasars, according to Astrid. The grey Shen 2020 line is from another study estimating the number of quasars in the Universe over time, and Astrid’s results agree with that research. Image Credit: NiAstrophysicists have determined a theoretical upper mass limit for black holes at about 50 billion solar masses, and the post-merger UMBH approaches that limit.
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