How social changes can impact the development of languages and dialects
Answering such questions required a better understanding of how language gives us clues to the identities of the speakers that use it. Previous accounts of language focused on reconstructing earlier forms of language, assuming that all changes could be accounted for by regular linguistic principles.
But three linguists working at Columbia in New York in the 1960s, Uriel Weinreich, William Labov, and Marvin Herzog, saw promise in looking more deeply at how social motivations interact with linguistic ones. patterns leading to the loss of word final endings, but as a result of how these factors are influenced by the social structures, groups and sociohistorical events within which they are embedded.As an example, Bill Labov, one of the study’s authors and the founder of the field of sociolinguistics, pointed to his findings in his 1961 research on the small island of Martha’s Vineyard, off the northeast coast of the U.S., where some very distinctive vowel variants could be heard.
Middle-aged speakers who lived on the island, especially those who shared the view that the tourists were impacting their traditional livelihood and lifestyle, had also started to adopt this unique vowel pronunciation as a marker of what it means to be a true"Islander."
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