Walking is a complex mechanism involving both automatic processes and conscious control. Its dysfunction can have multiple, sometimes extremely subtle causes, within the motor cortex, brain stem, spinal cord, or muscles. At Paris Brain Institute, Martin Carbo-Tano, Mathilde Lapoix, and their colleag
ues in the “Spinal Sensory Signaling” team, led by Claire Wyart , have focused on a specific component of locomotion: forward propulsion., they show that it involves a region classically called the mesencephalic locomotor region, which controls the vigor and speed of movement, and transmits the nervous message to the spinal cord via control neurons located in the brainstem. This new mapping carried out in zebrafish corroborates recent studies in mice.
Upstream of the reticulospinal neurons is the mesencephalic locomotor region , which is also essential for locomotion since, in animals, its stimulation triggers forward propulsion. It is found in many“Because the role of the MLR is conserved in many vertebrate, we assume that it is an ancient region in their evolution—essential for initiating walking, running, flying, or swimming,” he adds. “But until now, we didn’t know how this region transmits information to the reticulospinal neurons.
“We observed that neurons in the mesencephalic locomotor region are stimulated when the animal moves spontaneously, but also in response to a visual stimulus. They project through the pons—the central part of the brain stem—and the medulla to activate a subpopulation of reticulospinal neurons called ‘V2a’. These neurons control the finer details of movement, such as starting, stopping, and changing direction.
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