Self-reported mental health problems have increased dramatically among young people. What's driving the trend? Here are a few possibilities.
suicidal self-harm has definitely increased very greatly in the last couple of decades among girls, with social contagion effects almost certainly being a major contributing factor. Self-cutting used to be considered by psychiatrists to be a fairly reliable sign of personality disorder, whereas today it is simply a common coping strategy among emotionally upset girls. Boys do it too, but the rate is far higher among girls.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-55.
8. It is probably the case for most human traits that both ends of the curve are disadvantageous. Too much or too little of a given trait, such as anxiety, tends to be maladaptive. Psychiatric disorders can thus be understood as amplifications or extreme forms of general human states and traits. Certain factors, many of them genetic, predispose some people to mental illness. Environmental factors such as stress can trigger episodes of symptoms impairing functioning in predisposed individuals.
9. Exactly how much distress or dysfunction qualifies as clinically significant is a matter of judgement on the part of the clinician. Most disorders also stipulate a minimum number of symptoms and a minimum duration/persistence. The threshold for diagnosis may also vary by context or environment. Thus, there is an unavoidable element of subjectivity for both patient and clinician when defining a disorder., I have suggested additional, more complex reasons for the increase in ADHD diagnoses.
12. Psychological motives, such as the need for validation, are major reasons for people seeking psychiatric diagnosis. But more concrete motives, such as obtaining academic accommodations from schools, are also fairly frequent incentives for young people seeking such diagnoses. To be sure, many accommodations are fully justified and necessary.
The psychological need for validation and identity can be so strong that one of the more surprising trends noticeable in the last several years has been the increasing number of young people seeking a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder. BPD used to be a very undesirable and stigmatizing label, signifying someone who is “high maintenance” in the extreme, due to their extremely difficult, unstable, self-destructive, and often manipulative personality traits.
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