Theodore Roosevelt used the act to create 150 national forests and five national parks during his time in the White House
, will lace up her hiking boots for a visit to Utah’s canyon country this week. Spectacular scenery aside, the trip is all business. Just hours after taking the oath of office on January 20th, Mr Biden directed his Interior Department to review Donald Trump’s changes to America’s national monuments with an eye to reversing them. Ms Haaland’s meetings with local officials on April 8th are a part of that review.
The vagueness of the act’s wording made it a powerful tool for environmental conservation. Theodore Roosevelt, who signed the bill into law, made immediate use of his new executive power. An avowed conservationist, he created 18 national monuments—as well as 150 national forests and five national parks—during his tenure in the White House. Roosevelt’s successors followed suit. Every president since except Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush declared or enlarged national monuments .
The law has long been controversial, hardening battle lines between the legislative and executive branches, federal and state governments, tribes, scientists and industry. Individual states viewed it as a land grab by the feds; tribes were often not consulted when monuments were declared, enlarged or diminished; miners, ranchers, loggers and oilmen complained that the protections were bad for business.
These competing interests still define the debate around America’s public lands. But even among westerners, national monuments are popular. A recent Colorado College poll found that 74% of Utahns support restoring protections for them. That is good news for the Biden administration, which hopes to protect 30% of American lands and waters by 2030.
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