As opportunities in Mexico grow, migration has dropped 90 percent in two decades.
A farmer harvests avocados at an orchard in the municipality of Uruapan, Mexico. By Kevin Sieff Kevin Sieff Latin America Correspondent Email Bio Follow April 29 at 6:00 AM URUAPAN, Mexico — Not long ago, it seemed as if every young person in this city was heading north, part of a mass exodus from Mexico that sent millions of people to the United States illegally.
The dramatic changes in migration flows from Mexico are the product of multiple factors. Among them: the growth of the country’s economy, an aging population, more visas for temporary work and increased U.S. border enforcement. [This school aims to keep young Guatemalans from migrating. They don’t know it’s funded by the U.S. government.]
Workers collect avocados in Uruapan for export to the United States. In Guatemala, some analysts see a version of what Mexico was two decades ago: a country approaching its “migration hump” — the peak of a wave that will rise and fall as such flows typically do. Eighty-five percent of the 4 billion avocados consumed in the United States last year came from Mexico. Mexico’s avocado exports were worth $2.4 billion, which has made the city attractive for would-be migrants.
The growth has been uneven. The minimum wage here is just over $5 per day. And a huge portion of the Mexican population still lives in dire poverty — 60 percent in the southern states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, for example. Many young people from those states are now migrating within the country to work. Roughly 4 percent of Mexicans are internal migrants.Jose Bacilio, 38, makes about $25 per day picking avocados. He thinks about working in the United States — but only with a visa.
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