Why the earliest galaxies are sparking drama and controversy among astronomers : Short Wave

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Why the earliest galaxies are sparking drama and controversy among astronomers : Short Wave
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We're entering a new era of astrophysics. The James Webb Space Telescope is helping scientists test existing ideas and models of how the universe was created—on a whole new level. This telescope is sending back images of galaxies forming under a billion years after the Big Bang—way earlier than astronomers had previously expected. Not only that, scientists had anticipated that later—but still very early—galaxies would be small, barely formed blobs; instead, the galaxies in these images have spiral arms. So, today's show is all about GALACTIC CONTROVERSY! Computational astrophysicist Jorge Moreno talks with fellow astronomer and Short Wave's Scientist in Residence Regina G. Barber about how these new findings are stirring up controversy in the scientific community and the lessons we can learn from galaxies. Questions or controversies? Email us at [email protected].

Cosmological redshift is the process by which wavelengths of light elongate as they travel through the expanding universe.Cosmological redshift is the process by which wavelengths of light elongate as they travel through the expanding universe.This light has been traveling a long time by the time it reaches the telescope. For reference, it takes around eight minutes for light to travel from the sun to your eye.

But much of the modeling astronomers have done up to this point has led them to believe that there wasn't enough time for galaxies to get this massive in so little time."It's like if you went to a kindergarten and you saw a teenager," says Moreno. "Some of them look a lot like galaxies in the local universe," he says."They seem to have added structure and maybe even spiral arms. That wasn't something we really expected."

"I think in science, if you already have a model that's simpler than that, you should stick to it—unless you have extraordinary evidence to do otherwise."

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