America set for 'megadroughts' not seen since Medieval times
and its counterpart El Nino, where ocean temperatures are warmer, occur on irregular intervals and normally last up to a year—although they can persist for many years.
Megadroughts occurred when severe and frequent La Ninas forced storms northwards, drying out the Southwest. Combined with global warming, this resulted in prolonged periods of dryness. It is estimated that one megadrought in Sierra Nevada. To put that in perspective, the recent drought in California ended after seven years.
"Based on modeling studies of future climate, we would expect to see increased drying in the American West as a result of increased CO2, which will make megadroughts more likely," Steiger said."But the trigger for these megadroughts will most likely be severe and/or frequent La Ninas which are not very predictable at all.
As to what will happen during a megadrought, he said societies will be highly disrupted as water becomes more scarce:"Communities and farms will likely be stretched to their limits and may even collapse. This has certainly been the case for droughts in California in recent years."
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